Do Not
Fully Support
Recommendation,
Goal/Timing Examples
of possible legislative action 1 2 3 4 5
RCII-1
Each utility to meet 20% of its load from renewable
resources by 2020 increasing to 25% by 2025. Each utility to capture 100% of its cost effective
energy by 2025.
Page 3-7, final
report appendices
Expand Universal
Systems Benefits (USB) program to increase requirements for payments from
natural gas sales and increase programs to conserve natural gas.
Establish a statewide non-provider supplier of services
under USB in order to ensure that all Montanans had access to the same
service. This could be a nonprofit entity.
Comments:
RCII-2
By 2009 put in place mechanism to allow broader
coverage of market transformation efforts to all geographical areas.
Page 3-8, final
report appendices
Provide incentives
for energy efficient appliances or equipment.
Establish or expand education and outreach to business
and consumers about new technologies that will save energy and use renewable
resources.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-3
Review standards and report to Governor by 2008,
with adoption of changes in standards by 2009.
Page 3-8, final
report appendices
Set minimum efficiency
standards for appliances that can be sold in Montana. 1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-4
Improve building codes to reduce the amount of fossil
energy input needed to operate buildings.
Page 3-9, final
report appendices
Statewide building
permit program with inspections and enforcement. This would expand the
codes that are enforced inside city limits to include permit and enforcement
outside of cities. Much of the residential building is occurring outside
of code enforcing jurisdictions. 1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-5
Reduce energy use 20% in existing buildings and
50% in new buildings by 2020 with up to 10% of the targeted reduction
available from renewable energy generation. Improve 25% of the residential and commercial space
by 2020.
Page 3-9, final
report appendices
Improve incentives
for energy efficiency and renewable energy in new and existing buildings
particularly in commercial buildings.
Possible impact fees or fast-track permitting for codes.
Would require local government agreement.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-6
Educate consumers and children so they can make
informed choices to reduce energy use, improve efficiency, and reduce
environmental consequences of their actions. Educate professionals working in energy efficiency
so they can better inform consumers and make wise decisions.
Page 3-10, final
report appendices
Legislation to establish
programs and provide resources to educate citizens, businesses, professionals
and children on energy efficiency, renewable energy and climate change.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-7
See ES-4
Page 3-10, final
report appendices
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-8
See ES-4
Page 3-11, final
report appendices
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-9
Page 3-11, final
report appendices
Follow national efforts to establish a carbon tax and
possibly join the national efforts in the future.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-10
Reduce industrial energy use by 10% by 2020.
Page 3-11, final
report appendices
Provide tax incentives for industrial energy-efficiency
improvements.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-11
Increase energy efficiency by 30% in 50% of low
income units by 2015.
Page 3-12, final
report appendices
Incentives for landlords to improve rental property,
both residential and commercial.
Replace inefficient manufactured housing that cannot
be weatherized.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-12
Reduce per unit use of electricity and natural gas
by 20% in existing buildings and 40% in new buildings by 2020. Purchase 25% of power from renewable energy that
is not included in an RPS or generate the power by 2025. Implement purchasing programs to require the purchase
of energy efficient goods and services.
Page 3-12, final
report appendices
Renovate existing state buildings through the State
Buildings Energy Program at a much faster rate.
Purchase a certain percentage of energy for state government
use from green power.
Require carbon neutral bonding for state bonds. This
would require that projects financed with state bonds be very efficient,
use renewable energy, and in some cases provide carbon offsets from
the purchase of carbon offsets.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
RCII-13
Develop a pilot program of installing smart meters
for residential and non-residential buildings starting in 2009, targeting
10% of homes by 2011 and an additional 30% by 2020.
Page 3-12, final
report appendices
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-1
Extend RPS so that each investor owned utility and
public utility including member-owned electric co-operatives must
meet 20% of its load with renewable energy by 2020 and 25% by 2025. Each utility must implement a plan to obtain 100%
of achievable cost-effective energy conservation by 2025. By 2010 each utility must identify its achievable
cost-effective energy conservation for the next 10 years.
Page 4-7, final
report appendices
Create an efficiency portfolio standard requiring utilities
to achieve 100% of achievable cost-effective conservation by 2025 and
to require utilities to develop plans showing how they will acquire
the conservation.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-2
Page 4-8, final
report appendices
Provide research and development funds for new technologies
such as compressed air storage to balance wind.
Overcome barriers to increased penetration of renewable
resources, particularly the ability to integrate wind into the grid.
Possible legislation to establish a comprehensive wind
program including monitoring, planning, incentives, and appropriate
development of transmission and towers.
Possible legislation on carbon markets including allowances
and/or offsets, likely following a national effort.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-3
Target R&D funding to a specific technology
with a mission to build an industry around that technology or help
deploy it. No specific goal identified.
Page 4-9, final
report appendices
Provide research and development funds for new technologies
such as compressed air and other storage technologies and carbon sequestration.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-4
Provide 470 MW of CHP, 4.5 MW of solar PV, and 30
MW of small wind by 2020.
Page 4-9, final
report appendices
Provide and increase incentives for Combined Heat and
Power and Distributed Generation applications.
Maintain Universal Systems Benefits (USB) program for
small scale and community renewable energy. Create standardized interconnection
and net metering rules.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-5
Recommended goal of 0.5 tCO2/MWh or 1100 lbs/MWh
decreasing commensurate with BACT.
Page 4-10, final
report appendices
Require a technology/fuel neutral emissions level and
provide DEQ authority to write rules requiring plans from industries
as to how they will control CO2. Enable eminent domain for pipelines
that would carry CO2.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-6
Encourage the reduction of GHG per MWh of electricity
produced by improving generation efficiency and use of advanced technologies
at power stations through improvements at existing power plants. No
numerical goals identified.
Page 4-10, final
report appendices
Policies to encourage reduction of GHG emissions per
MWh produced, increase output at existing facilities, or use advanced
technologies and co-firing of renewable resources.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-7
Completed as Residential, Commercial, Industrial
and Institutional (RCII) recommendations.
Page 4-11, final
report appendices
See RCII.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-8/9
Recognize importance of market price signals through
carbon tax or cap and trade. No goals set.
Page 4-11, final
report appendices
None. Legislation most likely to occur at a national
level.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-10
By 2010 establish a GHG standard that is equal to
or less than a new combined-cycle natural gas power plant for all
new long-term financial commitments to baseload electric generation
by load serving utilities. Applies to both in-state and imported electricity.
Page 4-11, final
report appendices
Establish a greenhouse gas emission performance standard
that would apply to electricity that is generated in state or imported.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-11
Reduce methane emissions by 30% below business as
usual based on the analysis of cost-effective, achievable reductions.
Page 4-12, final
report appendices
Encourage natural gas companies to participate in EPA's
Natural Gas Star program and provide for verification of participation
and possible requirements through permits.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-12
Produce CTL fuels with a life cycle GHG emissions
at least 20-30% below petroleum based fuels.
Page 4-12, final
report appendices
Set performance standards for Coal to Liquids facilities
requiring a best available control technology approach and possibly
including capture and storage of CO2, and the generation of electricity
in conjunction with the development of liquid fuels from coal.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
ES-13
Captured in ES-5 and ES-12.
Page 4-13, final
report appendices
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-1
Go beyond federal emissions standards for cars and
light trucks.
Page 5-3, final
report appendices
Adopt California standards for emissions from cars and
light duty trucks with provision that when California adopts, Montana
(together with 14 other states that have adopted the standards) will
follow.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-2
Establish voluntary energy efficiency standards
that achieve an average 4.5% gain in fuel economy by 2009. Replace a proportion of tires on state-owned vehicles
with low rolling resistance tires by 2011. Legislatively set LRR standards with mandatory manufacturers
rating when all season/all weather LRR tires are available.
Page 5-4, final
report appendices
Set low rolling resistance tire standards and mandatory
labeling for replacement tires sold in Montana with provisions that
the standard be adopted by class of tire as the tires become available.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-3
Greatly increase the awareness of consumer information
on MPG to result in greater fuel efficiency across the state beginning
in 2008.
Page 5-4, final
report appendices
Provide resources for education and awareness for consumers
and fleet operators about the purchase and efficient operation of vehicles.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-4
By 2010 prepare a detailed analysis of feebates,
excise taxes and labeling to determine which option or combination
of options would create the best incentives for purchase and operation
of vehicles that emit lower levels of GHG.
Page 5-5, final
report appendices
Legislation would be needed for fees on high emission,
low MPG vehicles; or rebates or tax credits on low emission, high MPG
vehicles, and to require consumer labeling.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-5
Implement a package of policies and incentives that
will significantly reduce urban Vehicle Miles Traveled below the 2020
baseline, preferably in the higher end of a range of 3% to 11%.
Page 5-5, final
report appendices
Encourage and expand access management plans to use
arterial access as a means to manage or direct growth while maximizing
safety.
Expand multimodal transportation networks in and around
cities and towns. This could require additional resources, or reallocation
of funding from rural areas.
Provide market incentives for smart growth principles
including in fill development such as fast track permitting, or reduction
of building permit fees.
Establish a state-level Community Technical Assistance
Program on smart growth.
Directed growth policies including requirements to locate
state buildings in core business centers; schools in areas with good
pedestrian and bicycle access; and for local governments to keep a data
base of infill and brownfields properties.
Local option fuel or sales taxes or developer impact
fees to help local government fund transportation infrastructure to
support policies.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-6
Create a Low Carbon Fuel Target for transportation
fuels sold in Montana and reduce carbon intensity of Montana's passenger
vehicle fuels sold in Montana by at least 10% by 2020.
Page 5-6, final
report appendices
Require a carbon fuel accounting to measure net carbon
emission per unit of energy delivered.
Set a low carbon fuel standard that will require all
fuel providers to ensure that the mix of fuel they sell will meet a
declining level of GHG emissions.
Provide trading system for low carbon fuel credits.
Develop incentives for low carbon fuels to be distributed
and sold.
Increase tax on high carbon fuels.
Require low carbon fuels in state fleet vehicles and
state contracts.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-7
Encourage the retrofit of on-road heavy-duty diesel
vehicles 2006 or earlier. Retrofit 50% of pre 2007 heavy duty diesel engines. Lead by example by initiating a retrofit program
for state-owned and state-leased fleet or 80% of pre 2007 vehicles.
Page 5-6 final
report appendices
Tax credits for diesel engine emission control retrofits.
Establish a voluntary diesel retrofit program with information
on health effects of air pollution, research activities, and retrofit
information.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-8
Reduce fuel consumption from vehicles idling at
rest areas and truck stops 40% by 2010 and 85% by 2020. Require that 85% of school transportation to have
anti-idling policies or in-house electrification. Reduce locomotive idling at rail yards by 50%.
Page 5-6, final
report appendices
Incentive or financing program for truck stop electrification.
Promotion and marketing of health and environmental
benefits of reduced idling for busing companies, truck drivers, truck
stop owners, fleet operators, and retailers.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-9
Goal of 70% all heavy duty vehicles and 90% of all
light duty vehicles in state fleet to be energy efficient.
Page 5-7, final
report appendices
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-10
Promote the development of efficiencies in Montana's
transportation system to achieve fuel savings and improved safety.
Page 5-7, final
report appendices
Polices and/or resources to encourage and implement
roundabouts, provide bike and pedestrian facilities, synchronize traffic
signals, convert traffic lights to LED lamps, expand transit services
and include greenhouse gas reductions in transportation planning.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-11
Target 1 intermodal unit train to Seattle by 2010
and 4 intermodal trains by 2020.
Page 5-7, final
report appendices
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-12
Adopt CO2 emissions standards for off-road equipment
within 2 years of another state or municipality establishing such
standards. Lead by example by initiating retrofit program for
40% of state owned off road vehicles by 2010.
Page 5-8, final
report appendices
Adopt CO2 emissions standards for off road equipment
if other states take the lead.
Retrofit program of state owned vehicles.
Provide tax incentives for engine retrofits.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
TLU-13
Seek development of federal policies to reduce GHG
emissions from aviation.
Page 5-8, final
report appendices
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
AFW-1
Increase cropland managed using BMPs by 20% by 2012
and 50% by 2020. Increase organic farm acreage 15% above projected
levels in 2015 and 50% above 2025 levels.
Page 6-8, final
report appendices
Possible legislation to encourage expansion of federal
programs such as Conservation Security Program, Conservation Reserve
Program, and Environmental Quality Incentives Program.
Economic incentives to transition to no-till farming
practices such as rebates for machinery traded in or purchase of high
efficiency equipment.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
AFW-2
Produce sufficient biodiesel from Montana feedstocks
to meet 2% of 2010 total diesel needs, 10% of 2015 needs and 20% of
2020 needs.
P Page 6-8, final
report appendices
Extend the biodiesel production incentive. Provide incentives
for growers.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
AFW-3
Produce 50 mgy starch based and 2 mgy cellulosic
ethanol by 2010; 110 mgy starch based and 25 mgy cellulosic by 2015;
250 mgy starch based and 50 mgy cellulosic by 2020.
Page 6-9, final
report appendices
Incentives to reduce the capital costs of production
and transport.
Provide resources for pilot projects and demonstrations
of different forestry and agricultural residues for ethanol production
including collection.
Research and development focusing on biomass from ag
and forest residues and municipal solid waste and production processes.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
AFW-4
Retain land that is being retired from CRP in some
type of management program that protects the soil carbon.
Page 6-9, final
report appendices
Education and training, including information on carbon
sequestration through farm practices.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
AFW-5
By 2020, reduce the rate that forest and agricultural
lands are converted to developed use by 50% from current levels achieving
the first 25% by 2015.
P Page 6-9, final
report appendices
Create a state-level program to conserve working lands
with a possible mitigation fund that could be used to offset impacts.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
AFW-7
Increase the usage of woody biomass residue for
renewable electricity, heat and steam generation to 450,000 tons/year
by 2020.and agricultural biomass to 540,000 tons annually by 2020.
Page 6-9, final
report appendices
Tax incentives to reduce capital costs of biomass production
including liquid fuels production, electricity generation, and direct
heating and incentives for smaller distributed biomass generation.
Resources for research and development including collection
and processing, and distribution.
1 2 3 4 5
Comments:
